The genetic traits of the fetus
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chromosomes
Chromosomes are small bacilli inside the nucleus that carry the full details of embryogenesis, some visible and some recessive.
The pairs are numbered from one to twenty-two, and the last pair is not numbered but is called a sex-determining pair, so a person inherits half the number of chromosomes; Twenty-three from his mother and twenty-three from his father.
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Transmission of genetic traits
Each trait that occurs in the fetus, whether normal or pathological, has a specific location on a fixed chromosome that does not change,
either in the mother or the father. So each trait consists of two genes, one from the mother and the other from the father; Because half of the chromosomes are from the mother and the other half from the father.
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Examples of genetic traits include eye color, which is determined by two genes, one from the mother and the other from the father. If two genes have the same color;
Like black, the eye color of the fetus becomes black, but if the black and blue genes are different, such as the dominant gene for hair color is either black or blue,
then the eye color becomes if the gene that carries black color is dominant, then the child is black, and the child carries the recessive gene for blue, so He passes it on to his children.
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The genetic traits of the fetus
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dominant genes
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The dominant gene is the gene that controls the recessive gene when it meets in an embryonic cell, so the appearance of the fetus is determined by the presence of the dominant gene,
which means that the fetus resembles one of its parents who acquired this trait. Examples: hair color, eye color, blood, tissues, skin color, and some disorders and genetics.
Such as short stature, some skin or dental disorders, or mental retardation.
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recessive genes
Recessive genes are endogenous genes that do not appear in a child's appearance but affect half of the genetic makeup of a trait, being passed on to the next generation without appearance.
This usually occurs in inbreeding; Because they share some genes, the percentage of common genes increases with the degree of association between them.
For example, there is an 8% chance that the pairs of one parent will have similar genes, and one found the probability is 4%.
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