What are the causes of gestational diabetes?
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Causes of gestational diabetes
While the exact cause of gestational diabetes is unknown, several theories are trying to explain the onset of gestational diabetes,
some of which have to do with hormones secreted by the placenta with anti-insulin effects to support growth. The fetus and these hormones are:
estrogen (English: estrogen), the problem with cortisol, which is human placental prolactin,
is that these hormones prevent the action of the maternal insulin hormone, or the so-called insulin resistance, which usually begins after 20 to 24 weeks of pregnancy,
To overcome this problem, the body tries to increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas to about three times the normal amount to keep blood sugar levels stable,
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and gestational diabetes occurs when insulin production is not sufficient to overcome the effects of insulin. Placental hormone insulin resistance.
In the context of talking about a hormone with an anti-insulin effect,
it should be noted that the human placenta stimulating hormone is a hormone similar in its action to the growth hormone that regulates the mother’s metabolism,
especially the processing of carbohydrates and fats, and this hormone causes the body cells to contract. Insulin-sensitive Another hormone,
the human placental growth hormone is one of the hormones secreted by the placenta after 15 weeks of pregnancy
and also contributes to high levels of glucose in the mother's blood. The mother's blood enables the baby to get the nutrients it needs, including the need to increase blood glucose.
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As the placenta grows and produces more hormones, it increases the likelihood of developing what is known as insulin resistance,
a condition in which the body's cells are unable to respond well to insulin, thus losing the ability to benefit from the use.
From the blood for energy from glucose Due to high blood sugar levels, the pancreas produces an excess of the hormone insulin,
and it should be noted that all pregnancies have some degree of insulin resistance to provide nutrients to the mother's blood
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to the developing fetus for the benefit other factors that contribute to an increase in pregnancy insulin requirements is the production of insulin enzymes by the placenta,
It should be noted that the levels of these hormones that we talked about drop rapidly after birth, and return to normal levels before pregnancy,
and the pancreas produces sufficient amounts of insulin, which leads to blood. Sugar levels drop and return to normal levels.
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risk factors for gestational diabetes
Some women are more likely than others to develop gestational diabetes, but some women with gestational diabetes do not have known risk factors, and the factors that increase the risk of gestational diabetes are as follows:
- You have a family history of type 2 diabetes.
- Being overweight or obese.
- Gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies.
- Have previously given birth to a baby weighing more than 4.5 kg at birth.
- Complications developed in a previous pregnancy.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
- the use of certain types of drugs; such as glucocorticoids for asthma or autoimmune diseases, beta-blockers or antipsychotics for high blood pressure, or tachycardia (antipsychotics) to treat psychiatric disorders.
- Polyhydramnios is a condition characterized by the presence of excess fluid around the fetus.
- Increasing the size of the fetus so that it appears larger than normal during fetal imaging.
- Women over the age of 25 during pregnancy.
- American women, Hispanic or African American women, or Southeast Asian or Pacific Islander women.
- Having previously had a child with a birth defect.
- Unexplained miscarriages or stillbirths.
- Significant weight gain during pregnancy.
- High blood pressure
- multiple pregnancies; Any pregnancy with twins or more.
- Smoking.
The time between successive loads is short.
Prediabetes, or prediabetes, is a condition characterized by higher than normal levels of high blood sugar, but not yet the level that warrants a diagnosis of diabetes in women.
Stick to complete bed rest, lack physical activity, and lack of physical activity.
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Summary of gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs in women who were first diagnosed during pregnancy and did not have diabetes before pregnancy. Notably, pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes several times during multiple pregnancies and consecutive pregnancies. High blood sugar levels exceed the normal blood glucose, and it should be noted that gestational diabetes usually occurs in the second trimester of pregnancy.
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In fact, there is a mechanism in the body to regulate blood sugar, which means that after eating foods rich in carbohydrates, the sugar in the blood turns into glucose in the digestive system. It is absorbed into the blood, and it is worth noting that the regulation of blood sugar levels is produced by the hormones insulin secreted by the pancreas because this hormone transports sugar to all cells of the body - using it as an energy source - which helps to reduce blood sugar levels, and in the absence of sufficient quantities From insulin, excess glucose is prevented from being transported into cells and used as an energy source, as a result, blood sugar levels rise.
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To learn more about gestational diabetes, you can read the following article: (What is gestational diabetes).